动物胶和蛋清是古代重要彩绘文物蛋白胶结材料,对其光老化蛋白质结构变化的研究与探索彩绘文物病变机理和选择科学保护材料、修复方法密切相关。以维也纳艺术历史博物馆的动物胶(骨胶、兔皮胶、鲟鱼胶)和蛋清为研究对象,利用红外光谱技术,结合酰胺Ⅰ带去卷积和高斯拟合法研究光老化过程中蛋白质二级结构的改变。结果表明,四种胶光老化后仍然具备蛋白质红外光谱的典型吸收特征。但红外吸收峰出现了不同程度的位移,其中蛋清糖苷键明显蓝移。酰胺Ⅰ带去卷积和高斯拟合结果显示,蛋白胶的二级结构占比发生了改变。其中,骨胶α-螺旋结构占比降低22.24%,逐渐解螺旋,无规则卷曲结构占比明显增高(9.76%);兔皮胶和鲟鱼胶α-螺旋结构占比分别降低5.31%,4.15%,前者无规则卷曲增幅最低(6.96%),后者反而减少,推测两者的光老化稳定性高。蛋清α-螺旋占比降低程度最高(44.45%),无规则卷曲占比增幅极大(27.49%),光老化稳定性最差。证实利用红外光谱技术,结合酰胺Ⅰ带去卷积和高斯拟合法研究文物蛋白胶料二级结构变化的方法是可行的,但其转化机理还需后期进一步探讨。 Animal glue and egg white is an important cementitious material for ancient painted cultural relics. The study on the structural changes of photo-aging proteins is closely related to the exploration of the pathological changes of painted cultural relics and the selection of scientific protective materials and repair methods. Taking the animal glue (bone glue, rabbit hide glue, sturgeon glue) and egg white of Vienna Museum of Art and History as the research object, the secondary structure of protein in the photo-aging process was studied by infrared spectroscopy and the deconvolution of amido Ⅰ and Gaussian fitting Change. The results showed that the four kinds of gum aging still have the typical absorption characteristics of protein infrared spectroscopy. However, the infrared absorption peaks appeared different degrees of displacement, of which egg white glycosidic bond significantly blue shift. The deconvolution of the amide I and the Gaussian fitting result showed that the secondary structure of the protein gum changed. The proportions of the α-helical structure of collagen decreased by 22.24%, and gradually decreased, the percentage of irregular curl increased significantly (9.76%). The proportion of α-helical structure of rabbit glue and sturgeon decreased by 5.31% and 4.15% , The former has the lowest increase of random curl (6.96%), the latter decreases, suggesting that the two photosynthesis stability. The percentage of α-helix was the highest (44.45%), and the percentage of random curl was the highest (27.49%). The photo-aging stability was the worst. It is feasible to use infrared spectroscopy to study the change of secondary structure of cultural material glue with the deconvolution of amido Ⅰ and Gaussian fitting method. However, its transformation mechanism needs to be further studied in the later period.