马克思的劳动概念主要从两个逻辑维度展开,一是历史唯物主义意义上的生产劳动和非生产劳动,二是政治经济学批判意义上的雇佣劳动和剩余劳动。科学的劳动概念是马克思分析和定位资本家的理论前提。在马克思的视界中,资本家既是不需要为剥削关系负责的剥削者,也是资本主义社会不可或缺的劳动者。资本家是“总体工人”的一部分,他也创造剩余价值。资本家的劳动具有二重性,是一种特殊的管理劳动,不仅推动了社会科技进步,而且促进了社会生产力的极大发展。 Marx’s concept of labor mainly start from two logical dimensions, one is the historical materialism sense of productive labor and non-productive labor, and the second is political economy critical sense of hired labor and surplus labor. The concept of scientific labor is the theoretical premise of Marx’s analysis and positioning of capitalists. In Marx’s perspective, the capitalist is both an exploiter who does not need to be responsible for exploitation and an indispensable worker in capitalist society. The capitalist is part of the “total worker” and he also creates the surplus value. Capitalist labor has duality, is a special kind of management labor, not only promoted the social science and technology progress, but also promoted the great development of social productive forces.