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目的调查孤独症儿童龋病及牙周疾病流行情况和治疗需求。方法本研究采用横断面病例对照研究方法,分别选取60名乳牙列期和恒牙列期孤独症儿童为实验组,同区根据年龄、性别、家庭收入选取60名正常儿童进行配对设为对照组。龋病采用患龋率及龋面充填构成比作为指标,牙周病采用社区牙周治疗需求指数为指标。均数和构成比分别采用t检验和χ2检验。结果孤独症儿童乳牙列期患龋率和龋面充填构成比分别是58.29%,5.83%;恒牙列期的患龋率和龋面充填构成比分别是40.16%,11.69%,龋面充填构成比均低于对照组。孤独症儿童乳牙列期需要进行口腔卫生指导和牙周治疗的比率分别为33.21%,20.18%;恒牙列期分别为51.24%,47.65%,社区牙周治疗需求指数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孤独症儿童龋病及牙周病患病率较高,治疗需求远未满足,亟需家庭和社会共同的关注。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and treatment needs of dental caries and periodontal disease in children with autism. Methods In this study, a cross-sectional case-control study was conducted in 60 children with autism of the permanent dentition in the experimental group and 60 normal children in the same district as the control group . The rate of dental caries and caries filling ratio was used as an indicator of dental caries, and the periodontal disease index was used as an indicator of periodontal disease. The mean and constituent ratio were tested by t-test and χ2 test respectively. Results The prevalence of caries-bearing rate and caries filling rate in the children with autism was 58.29% and 5.83%, respectively. The caries percentage and caries filling percentage in the permanent dentition were 40.16% and 11.69%, respectively. Lower than the control group. The rates of oral hygiene guidance and periodontal treatment in children with autism were 33.21% and 20.18% respectively, and those in permanent dentition were 51.24% and 47.65% respectively. The demand for periodontal treatment in community was higher than that in control group There was statistical significance (P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in children with autism is high, and the demand for treatment is far from satisfied, which calls for the common attention of families and society.