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20世纪下半叶以来,抗菌药物已成为临床医学的重要工具,拯救了大批被细菌感染危及生命的患者。然而,20世纪末至21世纪初大家见证了全球病原菌抗生素耐药性的出现和传播,以及抗生素治疗的失败,特别是在重症监护病房,导致每年数百患者死亡~([1])。自1983年德国首次发现产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended spectrumβ-lactamases,ESBLs)的肠杆菌,临床分离的革兰阴性肠杆菌对头孢他啶等第三代头孢菌
Antibiotics have become an important tool in clinical medicine since the second half of the 20th century, saving a large number of life-threatening patients infected with bacteria. However, the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in the world’s pathogens, as witnessed by the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and the failure of antibiotic treatment, particularly in the intensive care unit, have led to hundreds of deaths annually (1). Since the first discovery of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Germany in 1983, the clinical isolates of Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae ceftazidime and other third-generation cephalosporins