绘画的再现(representation)问题始终与哲学中的表象论(representationalism)密切相关,后者认为知识的直接对象是头脑中的观念,而非实际的外部对象。据此类推,则绘画对事物的“重新呈现”(re-presentation)与感觉、知觉和观念的关联更加直接,而不是直接来自事物本身。另一方面,再现和表象论都包含着“呈现”(present)这个词根,这就意味着想要辨认画面中所绘事物的冲动无论何时都顺理成章。但 The representation of painting is always closely related to the representationalism in philosophy, which holds that the immediate object of knowledge is the mind’s idea rather than the actual external object. By analogy, the “re-presentation” of the painting is more direct to the senses, perceptions, and concepts rather than directly to the thing itself. On the other hand, both reproduction and representationalism embrace the root of “present,” meaning that the impulse to recognize what is pictured in the picture is logical at all times. but