放射性脑损伤是颅内外肿瘤及非肿瘤性病变放射治疗后的一种常见的并发症,解决损伤和治疗之间的矛盾一直是难点和热点。对其研究主要涉及发病机制及相关因素,早期监测和预测,放射性脑损伤与放射治疗最佳效应的相关性及放疗计划的调整,与肿瘤残留、复发或转移的鉴别以及原发和放疗后复发肿瘤的辅助立体定位等方面。就放射性脑损伤的影像学检测技术和表现以及近年来的研究进展予以综述。 Radiation brain injury is a common complication after radiotherapy for intracranial and extracranial tumors and non-tumor lesions. It is always a difficult point and a hot topic to solve the contradiction between injury and treatment. Its research mainly involves the pathogenesis and related factors, early monitoring and prediction, the correlation between radiation brain injury and the best effect of radiation therapy and radiotherapy plan adjustment, and the identification of tumor residual, recurrence or metastasis and primary and post-radiotherapy recurrence Tumor support for three-dimensional positioning and so on. Radiological brain injury imaging imaging techniques and performance as well as recent research advances are reviewed.