[目的]本文分析了江淮稻区常规粳稻超级稻的遗传背景与产量结构。[方法]利用41对SSR标记和4个重要产量性状的基因内标记对江苏历年选育的常规粳型超级稻品种的遗传结构进行分析,并测定主要产量性状。[结果]武运粳7号(及其衍生系)是江苏粳稻高产(超高产)育种的骨干亲本,江苏高产品种间的遗传背景较为狭窄;产量构成方面:穗数是制约江苏常规粳稻单产的首要因素,半矮秆(株高在100～105 cm左右)、直立或半直立穗(含depl基因型)、单位面积有效穗数较高(大于310万穗/hm~2)、中等单穗籽粒数(120～140粒)、中等偏上千粒重(约26～27 g)的株型模式是江苏稻区粳稻品种经典的高产模式。[结论]本研究结果对选育江淮稻区高产潜力粳稻品种的途径及育种目标具有启示作用。 [Objective] The genetic background and yield structure of conventional japonica rice in Jianghuai rice area were analyzed. [Method] With the genetic markers of 41 SSR markers and 4 important yield traits, the genetic structure of conventional japonica super rice varieties bred in Jiangsu Province over the years was analyzed and the main yield traits were determined. [Result] Wuyunjing 7 (and its derivative line) was the key parent of high-yielding (super-high-yielding) japonica rice in Jiangsu Province. The genetic background of high-yielding varieties in Jiangsu was relatively narrow. In terms of yield composition, the number of spike per plant was restricted by the yield of conventional japonica rice in Jiangsu The most important factor is the height of semi-dwarf (plant height about 100 ~ 105 cm), vertical or semi-erect panicle (including depl genotype), high effective panicles per unit area (more than 3.1 million ears / hm ~ 2) The plant type pattern with 120-140 grains (middle) and 1000-grain weight (about 26-27 g) is the classic high-yielding pattern of japonica rice varieties in Jiangsu. [Conclusion] The results of this study have some enlightenment on the ways of breeding high yield potential japonica rice varieties and their breeding objectives in Jianghuai rice area.