一、引言地下管线担负着输送和分配能源、通讯和上下水的运输。一旦中断这些功能,将弓I起巨大的、有时甚至是灾难性的后果。地下管线的震害特点是次生灾害影响显著,不仅管线本身遭到破坏,而且相应的有关方面也受到灾害。1906年美国旧金山地震,由于三条主要输水管遭受破坏,城市配水管网上千处破裂,消防水源断绝,以致由地震引起的火灾无法及时扑 I. INTRODUCTION Underground pipelines are responsible for transporting and distributing energy, communications, and water transportation. Once these functions are interrupted, they will have huge and sometimes catastrophic consequences. The seismic damage characteristics of underground pipelines are significantly affected by secondary disasters. Not only is the pipeline itself damaged, but the relevant parties are also affected by the disaster. In 1906, the earthquake in San Francisco, United States, due to the destruction of the three major water pipes, the urban water distribution network broke up at one point, and the fire water source was cut off, so that the fire caused by the earthquake could not be rushed in time.