一、传统经济学在公平与效率问题上的缺陷公平与效率的关系问题,是涉及经济体制改革模式选择乃至经济发展战略选择的重大理论问题。对于这个问题的深入讨论,必须对传统经济学在这个问题上的理论局限性有清楚的认识。传统经济学认为,社会再生产过程分为生产、交换、分配、消费四个环节,并提出分配环节的理性原则应该是公平与效率的兼顾。在传统经济学看来,资本主义是有效率而无公平,只有社会主义才能使公平与效率有机地兼顾起来。实践表明,这种观点有两个理论失误。一是对于社会再生产过程的四个环节划分有缺陷。社会再生产过程木是四个环节, First, the relationship between the fairness and efficiency of traditional economics on the issue of fairness and efficiency is a major theoretical issue that involves the selection of economic system reform and even the strategic choice of economic development. For an in-depth discussion on this issue, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the theoretical limitations of traditional economics on this issue. According to traditional economics, the social reproduction process is divided into four stages of production, exchange, distribution and consumption. The rational principle of distribution should be balanced between fairness and efficiency. In the view of traditional economics, capitalism is efficient and not fair, and only socialism can balance justice with efficiency organically. Practice shows that there are two theoretical mistakes in this view. First, there are flaws in the division of the four links in the social reproduction process. Social reproduction process is the four aspects of wood,