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本文介绍西方发达国家,主要是美、英两国对肿瘤放射治疗的医疗保健经济学分析及方法。由于医疗保健资源有限,其分配应该以“让最大多数的人群获得最大限度的好处”为主导思想。医疗保健经济学分析4种主要类型是:①费用最低化。②费用—效能分析。③费用—效用分析。④费用—效益分析。并举例比较4种类型分析的结果。经济学分析既可用于任何治疗细节,也可应用于宏观策略的制订。文章介绍了根据临床疗效进行的放射治疗方案费用—效能优化和根据放射生物学参数测算的放射治疗方案费用—效能优化。
This article describes the economics and methods of medical care for cancer radiotherapy in Western developed countries, mainly the United States and the United Kingdom. Due to the limited resources for health care, its distribution should be guided by the principle of “maximizing the benefits for the most people.” The four main types of healthcare economics analysis are: 1 Cost minimization. 2 Cost-effectiveness analysis. 3 Cost-utility analysis. 4 Cost-benefit analysis. An example of comparing the results of the four types of analysis is also provided. Economic analysis can be used for any treatment details as well as for the formulation of macro strategies. The article describes the cost-effectiveness optimization of radiotherapy protocols based on clinical efficacy and the cost-efficacy optimization of radiotherapy protocols based on radiobiological parameters.