基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,研究了2024-T351铝合金薄板在聚氨酯橡胶支撑下的激光冲击成形过程,分析了橡胶垫块的厚度、直径、硬度对薄板成形的影响,并实验验证了模拟结果。研究结果表明,薄板的成形形状为半球形;当橡胶厚度在1.5~3mm范围内变化时,厚度越大越有利于薄板的成形;薄板的成形结果与橡胶直径无明显关联;当橡胶的硬度在40~70HA范围内变化时,硬度越小越有利于薄板的成形。模拟与实验结果具有良好的一致性。 Based on the ABAQUS finite element analysis software, the laser shock forming process of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy sheet under the support of polyurethane rubber was studied. The influence of the thickness, diameter and hardness of the rubber pad on the sheet forming was analyzed, and the simulation results were verified experimentally. The results show that the shape of the sheet is hemispherical. When the thickness of rubber is varied from 1.5mm to 3mm, the larger the thickness is, the better the forming of the sheet is. The result of sheet formation is not related to the diameter of the rubber. When the hardness of the rubber is 40 ~ 70HA range changes, the smaller the hardness is more conducive to the formation of the sheet. Simulation and experimental results have good consistency.