乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）是肝脏中乙醛（乙醇代谢产物）代谢的关键酶，全球约有8％、东亚有30%～40％的人口携带编码无/低活性ALDH2的缺陷基因。近期，诸多研究关注了ALDH与病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、肝纤维化以及肝癌的关系。尤其，ALDH2表达与肝癌发病风险、发病机制及预后密切相关，并可作为潜在的治疗靶点。现就该领域新进展及新研究方向进行总结及评述。“,”Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in liver acetaldehyde metabolism (product of ethanol metabolism). Globally, about 8% of the population and about 30% to 40% of the East Asian population carry defective genes that encode no / low activity ALDH2. Recently, many studies have focused on the relationship between ALDH and viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Importantly, ALDH2 expression is closely related to the risk, pathogenesis and prognosis of liver cancer, so it can be used as a potential therapeutic target. This article summarizes and reviews the new progress and new research directions of this field.