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水汽在大气中含量很少,但变化很大,变化范围在0.1%~4%之间,水汽绝大部分集中在对流层。随着光电探测技术的不断发展,大气衰减对光电探测造成的影响也越来越显著,其中水汽是主要影响因子之一,也是最为不确定参数。光电探测中常用红外波段,但是水汽分子浓度较大,对辐射吸收造成很大的影响。拉曼激光雷达是测量大气水汽的主要技术手段之一。介绍了自行研制的水汽测量拉曼激光雷达的总体结构和主要技术参量。测量结果显示:该激光雷达可以对夜晚8 km高度范围内以及白天边界层内的水汽进行测量。实验数据与当地探空数据进行比对,取得了较好的一致性,充分验证了该拉曼激光雷达测量水汽的有效性和可靠性。
Water vapor content in the atmosphere is small, but the changes are large, ranging from 0.1% to 4%, the vast majority of water vapor concentrated in the troposphere. With the continuous development of photodetection technology, the influence of atmospheric attenuation on photodetection becomes more and more significant. Water vapor is one of the main influencing factors and the most uncertain parameter. Commonly used in the photoelectric detection of the infrared band, but the larger concentration of water vapor, radiation absorption caused a great impact. Raman laser radar is one of the main technical means of measuring atmospheric water vapor. The overall structure and main technical parameters of self-developed water vapor measurement Raman laser radar are introduced. The measurement results show that the lidar can measure the water vapor in the 8 km altitude at night and in the daytime boundary layer. The experimental data are compared with the local sounding data and achieved good consistency, which fully validates the validity and reliability of the Raman lidar in measuring water vapor.