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散体介质中颗粒形状决定了介质材料的物理力学性质。为了从微细观层面揭示尾矿与天然砂土在物理力学性能方面的差异,通过显微与图像处理技术,采用扁平度、圆度、凸度和粗糙度等4个量化指标,选取金、锡、铜和铁矿等4种尾矿的颗粒形态与1种建筑用河沙和1种海沙的进行量化对比分析。研究结果显示,尾矿随着粒径的增大,扁平度减小,说明尾矿颗粒随着粒径的增大其形态由针状(片柱状)向球状变化。海沙也是呈现这样的变化规律。尾矿的圆度随着粒径的增大均呈现递减的变化规律,说明尾矿颗粒随着粒径的减小(由粗到细)其平面轮廓越来越趋近圆形。河沙与尾矿的圆度变化相近,海沙则相反。尾矿的凸度随着粒径的增加而增大,表明尾矿颗粒随着粒径的增大,其表面的棱角变少。海沙的凸度变化规律与尾矿的相似。尾矿的粗糙度随着粒径的增加而增大,海沙与河沙的粗糙度的变化规律与之相似。尾矿的角状和次角状颗粒所占比例均较高。尾矿颗粒的棱角性和粗糙度均高于海沙和河沙颗粒的。
The shape of the particles in the bulk media determines the physical and mechanical properties of the media. In order to reveal the difference of physical and mechanical properties between tailings and natural sand from the micro-level, four quantitative indexes, such as flatness, roundness, crown and roughness, were selected through microscopic and image processing techniques, and gold, tin , Copper and iron ore and other four kinds of tailings particle shape and a kind of architectural sand and a kind of sea sediment quantitative comparative analysis. The results show that the tailings with the particle size increases, the flatness decreases, indicating that the size of the tailings particles with its particle size increases from the acicular (columnar columnar) to spherical changes. Sea sand is also showing the law of change. The circularity of the tailings shows a decreasing variation with the increase of the particle size, indicating that the plane profile of the tailings particles approaches the circle with the decrease of the particle size (from coarse to fine). The roundness of sand and tailings changes in a similar way, but the sea sand is the opposite. The crown of the tailings increases with the increase of the grain size, which indicates that the surface of the tailings grains decreases with the increase of the grain size. The variation law of sea sand’s crown is similar to the tailings. The roughness of tailings increases with the increase of particle size, and the variation of roughness of sea sand and sand is similar. Tailings horny and sub-horn-shaped particles accounted for a higher proportion. The angularity and roughness of the tailings particles are higher than the sea sand and sand particles.