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油藏描述与监测是油藏管理和油气生产的重头戏。能源生产公司在努力降低发现成本、优化钻探井位及提高投资回报时,对油藏进行有效的管理是它们的一个主要目标。有助于石油地球物理学家与工程师实现这一目标的一项技术是时移(也称四维)地震监测。 理论上讲,时移地震监测是在两个不同时期,对储层孔隙空间内流体特征:温度、压力及体积变化作推断性测量。目前是通过两次地震图像相减来测量的。随着生产和回收过程中地下流体的抽取、驱出或注入,储集岩的有效弹性将发生变化。用地震方法监测储层随时间变化的能力既可以更好地布置开发井与加密钻探井的井位,也能确定未波及带以及更有效地进行油田维护,从而提高开采区块的总价值。 时移二维地震监测技术已存在几年时间了。本质上讲,它是一种时移照像或成像形式。使用类似技术的其它科学领域包括医学(正电子放射层析射线照相法)与天体物理学(太阳地震学)。在二维方法中,已用井间技术检验了地震监测;但是,就我们所知,该重复观测的结果仅作了定性比较。因此,我们不难理解为什么时移(三维)技术在开发地球物理领域中迟迟未能受到重视。现在我们可以说三维地震勘探的广泛采用(由于成本降低与往返周期时间的缩短),生产区多次勘探与开发三维勘探的兴起以及促使开采更有?
Reservoir description and monitoring are the highlight of reservoir management and oil and gas production. Energy production companies are one of their main goals when it comes to reducing discovery costs, optimizing drilling wells and improving return on investment. One technique that helps petroleum geophysicists and engineers achieve this goal is time-shifted (also known as four-dimensional) seismic monitoring. In theory, time-lapse seismic monitoring is an inferential measurement of fluid characteristics in pore space of reservoirs: temperature, pressure, and volume changes at two different times. It is currently measured by subtracting two seismic images. With the extraction, injection or injection of subsurface fluids during production and recovery, the effective resilience of reservoir rocks will change. The ability of seismological methods to monitor reservoir evolution over time improves both the total wellbore value of a mined block, allowing better deployment of wellbores in both development and cased drilling wells, as well as determining unswept bands and more efficient field maintenance. Time-lapse 2D seismic monitoring techniques have existed for several years. In essence, it is a time-shifted image or imaging form. Other areas of science that use similar technologies include medicine (positron emission tomography) and astrophysics (solar seismology). In two-dimensional methods, seismic monitoring has been tested using cross-well techniques; however, to the best of our knowledge, the results of this repeated observation are only qualitatively compared. Therefore, we can easily understand why time-shifting (3D) technology has lagged behind in the development of geophysics. Now we can say that the widespread adoption of 3D seismic exploration (due to reduced costs and shorter turnaround times), the multiple exploration and development of 3D exploration in production areas and the promotion of more exploitation?