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作为一种新型材料,具有独特一维空心结构的纳米管受到了越来越多的关注。与研究较为广泛的碳纳米管和两亲性小分子纳米管相比,聚合物纳米管在尺寸范围、内外表面功能化及结构稳定性等方面具有优势。本文总结了嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中自组装形成纳米管状聚集体的最新研究进展。根据形成纳米管状结构的嵌段共聚物链段的性质,可将其划分为柔性-柔性嵌段共聚物、刚性-柔性嵌段共聚物,以及具备特殊结构的类嵌段共聚物三大类。针对每一类体系,重点归纳了管状结构的制备方法、结构表征和形成条件等研究现状,并概括总结了制备此类一维空心结构的理论依据。最后,对嵌段共聚物纳米管潜在的应用价值和今后可能的发展方向进行了展望。
As a new type of material, nanotubes with unique one-dimensional hollow structures have received more and more attention. Compared with the more widely studied carbon nanotubes and amphiphilic small molecule nanotubes, polymer nanotubes have advantages in terms of size range, inner and outer surface functionalization, and structural stability. This review summarizes recent progress in the self-assembly of block copolymers into nanotube aggregates in selective solvents. According to the nature of block copolymer segments forming nanotubular structure, they can be divided into three categories: flexible-flexible block copolymer, rigid-flexible block copolymer and block copolymer with special structure. For each type of system, the preparation methods, structural characterization and formation conditions of tubular structures are summarized, and the theoretical basis for preparing such one-dimensional hollow structures is summarized. Finally, the potential applications of block copolymer nanotubes and the possible future development prospects are prospected.