“主题”散论

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  提及汉语的“主题”,读者脑海浮现的英文不外乎是theme、subject、topic等詞。好玩的人最容易想到的就是“主题公园”(theme park)这种字眼,而艺术青年或会想到毕加索那句名言:
  If there were only one truth, you couldn’t paint a hundred canvases on the same theme.(要说真理,只有一条:无法围绕一个主题创作100幅油画。)
  在政治语境里,英文theme频次颇高。
  原文1:联合国要抓住和平与发展的主题。
  译文:The UN should grasp the theme of peace and development.
  原文2:学习是立身做人的永恒主题。
  译文:Learning is a lasting theme to conduct oneself in life and society.
  点评:这两例都是“主题”一词的常规意义,英译自然可以采取拿来主义。
  原文:共青团要在广大青少年中深入开展“我的中国梦”主题教育实践活动。
  译文:The Chinese Communist Youth League should carry out extensive educa-tional and practical activities with the theme of “My Chinese Dream” for young Chinese.
  点评:“主题教育活动”出现频率很高,对应英文表述:thematic education campaign。如:今年6月,我们国家在全党开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育活动。(China launched an education campaign themed “staying true to our founding mission” throughout the Party in June.)
  咱们中国人逢“活动”必用activity,其实,在英语国家,要表达“活动”这个意思时,很多情况下使用event,例如:
  举办数场活动为慈善筹款 hold a number of events to raise money for charity
  周末还要举办几场活动。More events are planned for the weekend.
  原文:坚持以科学发展为主题
  译文:take a balanced and coordinated approach to development
  点评:明显意译,达意即可。
  原文:本届年会以“革新、责任、合作:亚洲寻求共同发展”为主题,很有现实意义。
  译文:The theme of this current annual conference, “Asia Seeking Development for All: Restructuring, Responsibility, and Cooperation,” is a highly relevant one.
  点评:这类句式在汉语中比较常见,以同位语方式进行英译之手法亦可效仿。
  原文:习近平主持制定发布了打破传统观念、招贤纳士的“九条规定”并广而告之,《河北日报》以“正定县为有志之士敞开大门”为主题在头版头条作了报道。
  译文:Xi decided to publish a document listing nine ways to recruit talented people, something that was rare at the time and became a front-page story in the Hebei Daily.
  点评:从语文意义层面来看,该例中的“主题”与前面各例迥然有别,本句中,“主题”等同于“标题”。出于篇章谋略,译者采用意译手法,省略了“主题”。遇此情况,译者当然也有其他选项,比如使用title,或名或动,译出标题,只不过无法像现有译文这般简洁罢了。读者诸君以为然否?
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