目的:了解国内外抗菌药物自我药疗的现状以及研究进展。方法:检索国内外近十年的研究文献,并进行分析、总结。结果:发达国家抗菌药物自我药疗率比较低,包括我国在内的发展中国家抗菌药物自我药疗率高,这主要与抗菌药物购买的管理是否严格有关;我国抗菌药物的不合理使用比较严重。结论:我们应从严格执行抗菌药物凭处方购买政策、提高医师水平和普通大众安全用药知识和意识入手,提高抗菌药物的自我药疗水平,减少细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性。 Objective: To understand the current situation and research progress of self-medication of antibacterial drugs at home and abroad. Methods: Retrieve the research literature at home and abroad for nearly ten years and analyze and summarize. Results: Self-medication rates of antimicrobial drugs in developed countries were relatively low. Self-medication rates of antimicrobials in developing countries, including China, were high, which were mainly related to the strict management of antimicrobial purchase. The irrational use of antimicrobial drugs in China was more serious . Conclusion: We should strictly enforce the antimicrobial purchase policy with prescriptions to improve the level of physicians and general public knowledge and awareness of safe drug use, improve the self-medication level of anti-bacterial drugs and reduce the bacterial resistance to anti-bacterial drugs.