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众所周知,我国西北地区既是众多大河的源头,也是风沙的策源地,植被退化、土地荒漠化、水土流失、土壤盐渍化等生态问题非常严峻,已对西北地区,乃至全国的生态安全构成了威胁。我国西北部六省区,国土面积占到全国的44%,水资源总量只占全国的8%,单位面积径流深只有全国平均水平的23%,单位面积耕地供水量也只及全国平均水平的53%,虽然人均占有量达到全国平均水平,但因此认为“西北地区少水而不缺水”是不确切的。例如新疆地区,地下水可采量有252亿立方米,年总补给量为
As we all know, the northwestern region of our country is not only the source of numerous rivers, but also the source of wind-blown sand. The ecological problems such as vegetation degradation, land desertification, soil erosion and soil salinization are very serious and have posed a threat to the ecological security in the northwest region and the whole country. The six provinces and autonomous regions in the northwest of our country account for 44% of the country’s total land area and only 8% of the country’s total water resources. The runoff per unit area is only 23% of the national average, and the water supply per unit of cultivated land only reaches the national average 53% of the total population. Although the average per capita amount has reached the national average, it is inaccurate to think that “less water in northwest China is not less water-deficient.” For example, in Xinjiang, the recoverable amount of groundwater is 25.2 billion cubic meters and the total annual supply is