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为了具体分析不同收入阶层消费之间的消费异质性及其相互影响,本文基于相对收入假说理论,利用随机系数模型对1985-2012年我国城镇居民住户调查7个收入等级组成的面板数据进行实证分析。发现,各收入阶层的边际消费倾向呈“M”型,较低收入阶层的消费受其相邻较高收入阶层消费的正向影响,且这种“模仿效应”随收入阶层的提高而降低;最高收入阶层消费受到相邻低收入阶层的负向影响,表现为“逆势效应”。同时发现,中等收入群体受消费习惯的影响较大,家庭规模增大不利于低收入家庭提高消费,且收入不确定性对最低和最高收入阶层的作用方向相反。本文的研究结论为从多角度提高各收入阶层居民消费提供了政策支持,尤其是不同收入阶层的相互影响方面。
In order to analyze the heterogeneity of consumption and its interaction between different income groups, this paper uses random coefficient model to test the panel data of seven income levels of urban households in China from 1985 to 2012 based on relative income hypothesis theory analysis. Found that the marginal propensity to consume among all income groups is “M”, the consumption of the lower income groups is positively influenced by the consumption of its neighbors with higher incomes, and the “imitation effect” Increase and decrease; the highest income class consumption by the negative impact of the adjacent low-income groups, the performance of “contrarian effect ”. At the same time, it is found that middle-income groups are greatly influenced by spending habits. Increasing family size is not good for low-income families to increase consumption, and the effect of income uncertainty on the functions of lowest and highest income groups is opposite. The conclusion of this paper provides policy support for improving the consumption of residents in all income groups from different perspectives, especially in the interaction between different income groups.