测定近海面及地面的气温、湿度和风速梯度,对于研究其间的相互作用是必要的,由于常规气象仪器不满足要求,国内也曾出现了一些梯度记录仪。其中大多不再应用,因为稳定性不够好,操作与资料处理不便。本文的数据采集系统以高性能的传感器和低耗电单片计算机为基础。传感器有良好的稳定性和互抉性。仪器无需常进行标定,输出数据为实际值。显然,它的数据处理是简便的。仪器用干电池供电和固态数据存贮,可以工作在船上、海边和荒野,无需人员值班。当观测结束,仪器可通过 RS-232接口把存贮的数据倒给便携式个人计算机。此系统已实现了全自动的数据采集和处理。它已被用于若干课题,如大气环境评价和海洋大气界面层的研究。 Determining the temperature, humidity and wind speed gradient near the sea surface and the ground is necessary for the study of the interaction between them. Since conventional weather instruments do not meet the requirements, some gradient recorders have appeared in China. Most of them are no longer applied, because the stability is not good enough, the operation and data processing inconvenience. The data acquisition system in this paper is based on high-performance sensors and low-power single-chip computers. The sensor has good stability and interdependence. The instrument does not need to carry on the calibration frequently, the output data are the actual value. Obviously, its data processing is easy. The instrument is powered by dry cells and stores data in solid state and can operate on board, by the sea and in the wilderness without personnel on duty. When the observation is complete, the instrument can be used to dump the stored data to a portable personal computer via the RS-232 interface. This system has achieved fully automated data acquisition and processing. It has been used on several topics, such as the evaluation of atmospheric environment and the study of the marine atmosphere interface layer.