2009年9月,国务院出台《关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》,决定在全国10%的县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,拉开了新农保制度建设的序幕。此后新农保制度在参保人数和基金积累方面发展迅速,今年底将实现全覆盖。新农保制度是国家朝着促进社会公平正义、破除城乡二元结构、逐步实现基本公共服务均等化的一个重大步骤。笔者从建构背景、制度优势入手来阐述新农保未来的发展趋势。新农保制度建立的背景建立农村社会养老保险的必要性与 In September 2009, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinion on Piloting New-Type Rural Social Endowment Insurance, deciding to launch a pilot for a new type of rural social endowment insurance in 10% of the counties in China and opening the curtain for the establishment of a new system of peasant insurance. Since then, the new system of social security has developed rapidly in terms of the number of insured persons and the accumulation of funds. It will be fully covered by the end of this year. The new system of agricultural insurance is a major step toward the promotion of social fairness and justice, the dismantling of the dual structure of urban and rural areas and the gradual realization of equalization of basic public services by the state. The author starts with the construction background and system advantages to explain the future development trend of new rural social security. The Necessity of Establishing Rural Social Endowment Insurance in the Background of Setting up New Social Security System