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利用中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站保护性耕作定位试验平台,研究全翻耕、常规耕作、免耕、全翻耕+秸秆还田、常规耕作+秸秆还田和免耕+秸秆还田6种耕作方式对小麦生长期内土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)在小麦整个生育期,土壤碱性磷酸酶、转化酶、脲酶活性表现为免耕处理大于常耕处理,翻耕处理小于常耕处理,有秸秆处理大于无秸秆处理,3种酶活性以免耕+秸秆还田处理为最高,翻耕处理最低。(2)在小麦成熟期,土壤脱氢酶活性表现为免耕处理小于常耕处理,其他生育期土壤脱氢酶活性表现为免耕处理大于常耕处理,有秸秆处理大于无秸秆处理。(3)在小麦不同生育期,各处理土壤酶活性表现出不同的规律性:碱性磷酸酶活性在苗期较低,至孕穗期达到峰值,至成熟期又有所降低;转化酶活性呈现在拔节期大幅升高而后降低的变化趋势;脲酶活性分别在苗期和孕穗期较高;脱氢酶活性在整个生育期一直增加,成熟期达到峰值。(4)4种土壤酶活性之间相关性均达显著水平,聚类分析表明,按照土壤总体酶活性水平可将6个处理划分为3组,酶活性水平最高的为免耕+秸秆还田处理,免耕结合秸秆还田能较好地提升土壤酶活性。
Using the experimental platform of conservation tillage of Fengqiu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the effects of total tillage, conventional tillage, no tillage, total tillage + straw returning, conventional tillage + straw returning and no-tillage + straw returning Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Enzyme Activities in Wheat Growth Period. The results showed as follows: (1) During the whole growth period of wheat, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and urease activities of soil showed no-tillage treatment than normal tillage treatment, tillage treatment less than conventional tillage treatment, straw treatment more than no straw treatment 3 The highest enzyme activity was no-tillage + straw returning and the lowest tillage. (2) During the wheat ripening stage, the activity of soil dehydrogenase showed no-tillage treatment than the no-tillage treatment. The activity of soil dehydrogenase in other growth stages showed no-tillage treatment and no-tillage treatment than the no-tillage treatment. (3) At different growth stages of wheat, the activities of soil enzymes showed different regularity: alkaline phosphatase activity was lower at seedling stage, reached the peak at booting stage and decreased to mature stage again; the activity of invertase showed The activities of urease increased at seedling stage and booting stage respectively. The activity of dehydrogenase increased throughout the growth stage and reached its peak at maturation stage. (4) The correlation between the four soil enzyme activities reached a significant level. Cluster analysis showed that six treatments could be divided into three groups according to the total soil enzyme activity level. The highest level of enzyme activity was no-tillage + straw returning Treatment, no-tillage combined with straw can better enhance soil enzyme activity.