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各地生产试验证明种植绿肥是解决大面积有机肥料不足的经济有效措施。也是改良利用盐、碱、涝、薄低产田的好办法。田菁是我国栽培面积较大的绿肥作物,1957年引种我地区,只能开花结角种子不能成熟,为了解决田菁能在当地留种问题,我们从1962～1978年进行了田菁早熟性育种工作。 1.选育途径通过①引种、异地驯化;②早熟栽培方法;③短光照处理,获得了大量早熟单株,为早熟性育种提供了宝贵材料,本着从早中选早,从优中选优的原则,进行了系统选育。 2几年来选育结果看出,73～29、73～9 两个品系,表现株型一致,生育整齐,产量高,可确定为推广品种。辽菁一号(73～29)生育期116天,种子产量316斤/亩,春播鲜草产量4936.5斤,夏播4549斤/亩。辽菁二号(73～9)生育期105天,种子产量231.2斤/亩,春播鲜草产量4545.4斤/亩,夏播3934.9斤/亩。 3.田菁具有多型性,根据结荚习性,生育性状可分成三种株型。①主茎结荚型;②主侧枝结荚型;③侧枝结荚型。田菁多型性表明其遗传基础比较复杂,具有早熟基因源的存在,它们的后代能分离出早熟型的纯合体,而且能够遗传下去。 4.田菁为短日照植物,从近纬度引种早熟田菁品种,从中选出对日长反应不敏感的变异类型,从中选出早熟单株,是早熟性育种获得早熟材料的有效途径。 5.田菁的早熟性是可以透过早熟性状来判别早熟单株的。早熟单株形态特征为,植株高度中等,茎较细,分枝早而密,分枝部位低,茎色多呈紫色,羽状复叶小,结荚部位低,多主茎结荚,幼苗生长迅速,开花集中。
Production tests have proved that planting green manure is a cost-effective measure to solve the problem of large-area organic fertilizer shortage. Is also a good way to improve the use of salt, alkali, waterlogging, thin low-yield field. Sesbania is a green manure crop with a large area cultivated in our country. Introduced to our region in 1957, only the flowering knot seed can not mature. In order to solve the problem that Sesbania can be planted locally, we conducted the early maturity of Sian Jing from 1962 to 1978 Breeding work. 1. The breeding route is through ① introduction, domestication in different places; ② early maturing cultivation; ③ short light treatment, obtaining a large number of early-maturing plants, providing precious materials for precocious breeding. Based on the principle of selecting early, , Conducted a systematic breeding. 2 years of breeding results show that 73 ~ 29,73 ~ 9 two strains, the performance of the same plant type, tidy birth, high yield, can be identified as the promotion of varieties. Liaojing No.1 (73-29) had a growth period of 116 days, with seed yield of 316 kg / mu, yield of 4936.5 kg of spring fresh grass and 4549 kg / mu of summer sowing. Liaojing II (73 ~ 9) The growth period of 105 days, the seed yield of 231.2 kg / mu, spring sowing 4545.4 kg of fresh grass / mu, summer sowing 3934.9 kg / mu. 3. Sesbania has a polymorphism, according to the pod habit, fertility traits can be divided into three plant types. ① main stem pod; ② main side pod; ③ lateral pods. Sesbania polygamy indicated that its genetic basis is more complicated, with the existence of precocious gene sources, and their offspring can separate the homozygotes of precocious types, and can be inherited. 4. Sesbania is a short-day plant, introduced from early latitude of early-season Sesbania species, to select the mutation type insensitive to Japanese long-term response, from which the selection of early-maturing plants, early maturity is an effective way to obtain early maturing materials. 5. Pica Prematurity is the early maturity traits to distinguish premature individuals. Early morphological characteristics of the plant, the plant height is medium, thin stems, branches early and dense, low branching parts, stalk color purple, pinnate small, pod parts low, multi-stem pod, seedlings Rapid growth, flowering concentrated.