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目的了解济南市空气污染现况下小学生肺功能状况,分析其影响因素,以便采取有效干预措施,保护儿童健康。方法于2013年在济南市每区随机选取1所小学,在3~5年级中每个年级选取1个班,对选中班级的全部小学生进行问卷调查和肺功能调查。结果济南市小学生肺功能总体发育状况良好。女生用力肺活量(FVC)为(88.20±14.56)L,高于男生的(86.59±12.86)L(P<0.05);女生第一秒用力肺活量(FEV1)为(83.24±19.19)ml,高于男生的(81.39±15.27)ml(P<0.01)。≥10岁组学生的肺功能指标(FEV1、FEV1/FVC)明显优于≤8岁组(P<0.05),峰流速(PEF)指标却低于9岁组(P<0.05);5年级学生肺功能优于3年级(P<0.05),却低于4年级(P<0.01)。结论济南市男生、高年级、高年龄段小学生肺功能状况低于女生、低年级、低年龄段小学生;改进学生居住、学习及交通环境、加强体育锻炼可能是改善学生肺功能发育状况的有效措施。
Objective To understand the pulmonary function of primary school students under the current air pollution situation in Jinan City and analyze the influencing factors so as to take effective interventions to protect the health of children. Methods A primary school was randomly selected in each district in Jinan City in 2013. One grade was selected in each grade from Grade 3 to Grade 5. Questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were conducted on all primary school students in selected classes. Results Primary school students in Jinan overall good lung function. The FVC of girls was 88.20 ± 14.56 L, which was higher than that of boys (86.59 ± 12.86) L (P <0.05). The FEV1 of girls was higher than boys (83.24 ± 19.19) ml, (81.39 ± 15.27) ml (P <0.01). The pulmonary function indexes (FEV1, FEV1 / FVC) of ≥10 years old group were significantly better than those of ≤8 years old group (P <0.05), and the peak flow velocity (PEF) Lung function was better than Grade 3 (P <0.05), but lower than Grade 4 (P <0.01). Conclusions The pulmonary function status of boys, senior students and students of high school age in Jinan is lower than that of girls, lower grades and lower ages. Improving students ’living, learning and traffic environment and strengthening physical exercise may be effective measures to improve students’ pulmonary function and development .