全国各地除四害讲衛生运动,在中央明确指示下,总路线光輝照耀下,由于党委的直接領导和充分發动群众,大搞羣众运动,因而取得了很大的成績,在应用中药和野生植物除四害方面,也創造和积累了很多宝貴的經驗。为了响应党的号召、除四害,消灭疾病、以保証工农業大躍进,我室將总結中药除四害的經驗,进一步开展实驗研究,列为研究内容之一。在整理过程中,感到这些经驗非常宝贵,值得加以介紹推广。根据我們目前不完全統計,全国应用中药及野生植物灭蝇蛆者有400种之多,灭蚊及孑孓者有250种左右,毒鼠者有90种左右,毒雀者有70种左右,其中有的能兼灭兩害或三害捎诟鞯孛撇灰?存在着同名異物或同物異名的現象。植物的科属包括范围很广,但就目前有科屬記载的,以大戟科、菊科、毛莨科、百合科、天南星科、茄科、蓼科、豆科等为多。药用部分以全草为最多,其次为叶及根。絕大多数是單味药使用,而在單味药应用的基础上也配制了不同成分的复方剂型τ玫闹幸┲?不少是本草書中未記载作为杀虫除兽之用的;很多药是本草书中未有記載的,如灭蛆的打破碗花花、山樟子,灭孑孓的鋸树叶等,效力都很好。但应用較普遍、效力亦很好的中药如狼毒、澤漆、乌头、芜花、天南星、羊躑躅………等則多屬本草綱目的毒草类和神农本草經的下品药。这些药在古代即用以除虫灭害,积有丰富經驗,如山海經载:“(?)石可杀鼠”,神农本草經载“狼毒………主鼠瘘疽蝕,鬼精蠱毒,杀飞鸟走兽……”,又载:“巴豆………除鬼毒蠱疰邪物,杀虫魚………”,外治寿世方載:“治蚊虫,鱉甲打碎土炒、芫花、苦参、藜蘆、川烏共为末,以棗肉和作大丸,每夜烧一丸”,通志略载:“百部曰婆妇草,能去诸虫,可以杀蝇蟓。”这一方面說明了祖国医学有着丰富的宝藏,要进一步开展除四害的研究应該很好地继承前人的經驗;另一方面也說明群众智慧的伟大,能在前 In addition to the four-hazard health campaign throughout the country, under the explicit instructions of the Central Government, under the brilliance of the general line, due to the direct leadership of the party committee and the full mobilization of the masses, mass movements have been achieved, and thus great achievements have been made in the application of Chinese medicine and In addition to the four evils, wild plants have also created and accumulated a lot of valuable experience. In order to respond to the party’s call and eliminate four evils, eliminate diseases, and ensure the rapid advancement of industry and agriculture, our room will summarize the experience of Chinese medicine in addition to the four evils, and further carry out experimental research, which is listed as one of the research contents. In the finishing process, I feel that these experiences are very valuable and worth introducing and promoting. According to our current incomplete statistics, there are 400 species of insecticides that use traditional Chinese medicine and wild plants, about 250 species of mosquitoes and stings, about 90 species of poisonous rats, and about 70 species of poisonous birds. Some of them can destroy two evils or three evils. There is a phenomenon that foreign objects with the same name or synonyms exist. Plants include a wide range of genera, but there are currently records of the family, with Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, Liliaceae, Araceae, Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Leguminosae, and more. Medicinal components were the most common, followed by leaves and roots. The vast majority are single-use medicines, but on the basis of the application of single-flavored medicines, compound formulas with different ingredients have also been formulated. Many of them are not recorded in this cursive book as insecticides and beasts. Many medicines are not recorded in this cursive book, such as the destruction of bowls and flowers, hawthorn fruit, and the sawing leaves that have been destroyed. However, the more common and effective Chinese medicines such as wolfberry, lacquer, aconite, alfalfa, Arisaema, and mutton, etc. are mostly herbicides of the Herbal genus and Shennong Materia Medica. These medicines were used to eradicate insects in ancient times, and they have accumulated rich experience. For example, “The Stones can kill rats”, Shennong’s Materia Medica contains “Serpentine poison... Scorpid poisoning, killing birds and beasts...” and carrying: “The Croton ... ... except ghosts, poisonous and evil objects, insecticide fish ... ...”, the external treatment Shou Shifang contained: “Controlling mosquitoes, smashing the soil and frying, Sophora japonica, Sophora flavescens, Veratrum repens, and Chuanwu are all at the end. Jujube meat and Dazu Maru are used to burn one pill each night. The general commentary contains: ”The one hundred women and daughters are able to go to each insect and kill the fly. "This aspect shows that the motherland’s medicine has a wealth of treasures. To further carry out research in addition to the four evils, we should inherit the experience of our predecessors well. On the other hand, we also illustrate the great wisdom of the masses and the ability to advance.