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溢油分散剂通过降低油水界面张力,促进溢油分散于水体,在溢油事故应急处理中被广泛使用。文章以分散剂处理溢油的效果研究为切入点,对国内外分散剂效果的小型台式测试方法及相关的一些应用研究进行综述。首先详细介绍了美国环境保护署(EPA)的旋转瓶测试法(SFT),带挡板瓶测试法(BFT)及采用BFT测试的相关研究;然后,简单介绍了国际上其他的测试方法及其相互比较的一些研究;最后,阐述了中国分散剂效果测试的国家标准方法及相关研究,并将该法与美国的BFT法进行比较,讨论总结二者的差异。文章提及的所有台式测试方法可为分散剂监管部门、研发者、溢油处理人员和海洋生态研究人员评价分散剂效果和毒理性研究等方面提供多种可参考的测试方法。
Oil spill dispersants are widely used in emergency handling of oil spills by reducing oil-water interfacial tension and promoting oil spill dispersion in water. In this paper, the research on the effect of dispersant on oil spill is taken as a breakthrough point, and the domestic and international research on small desktop test methods and related application of dispersant effect are reviewed. First of all, it details the EPA’s spin flask test (SFT), baffled bottle test (BFT) and related studies using BFT test. Then, it briefly introduces other international test methods and their Finally, this paper elaborates the national standard methods and related research on dispersant effect testing in China, and compares the method with the BFT method in the United States to discuss and summarize the differences between the two methods. All of the bench-top test methods mentioned in the article provide a wide range of reference test methods for dispersant regulators, researchers, oil spill managers and marine ecosystem researchers in evaluating dispersant effectiveness and toxicological research.