支气管肺炎为小儿最常见的肺炎，多见于婴幼儿．我们对４１例支气管肺炎住院患儿的病原学研究表明，需氧性病原菌中革兰氏阳性菌约占２６．５％，主要为葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌等，革兰氏阴性菌约占７３．５％，其中以大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌等为主，阳性细菌减少，阴性菌种类多，含量大．厌氧菌检出１８株，提示厌氧菌感染不可忽视．药敏试验表明，这些细菌对抗生素的敏感性亦有所降低，因此对小儿肺炎的研究和防治尤为重要． Bronchopneumonia is the most common pneumonia in children, more common in infants and young children. Our etiological study of 41 children with bronchial pneumonia in hospital showed that Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 26.5% of aerobic pathogens, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for about 73 .5%, of which Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and other mainly positive bacteria decreased, negative bacteria species, content. Anaerobic bacteria were detected 18, suggesting that anaerobic infections can not be ignored. Susceptibility tests show that the sensitivity of these bacteria to antibiotics also decreased, so the research and prevention and treatment of pneumonia in children is particularly important.