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一、单词
1. since (主要用于现在完成时,过去完成时)(1)conj. (后加句子)自从……以来;从……以后。eg:
Henry has been influencing me since I knew him. 自从我认识亨利,他就一直在影响我。
常构成句型“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”,意为:自从……已经是多长时间了。eg:
It is ten years since we met last time.
自从我们上次见面已有10年了。
(2)prep. (后加名词)自从……以来;从……以后。eg:
The Greens have been living here since 2001. 格林家从2001年就住在这儿。
常构成短语since then“自那以后”。eg:
Ihave never been there since then.
自那以后我再也没去过那儿。
2. raise v. (1)筹集;募捐。eg:
They have been raising money for Spring Bud since 2002. 自2002年他们就一直在为春蕾计划募捐。
(2)举起,提升。eg:
If you have any questions, you can raise your hand. 有问题你可以举手。(相当于put up your hand)
(3)培养,抚养。eg:
The poor parents raised her as an engineer.
贫穷的父母把她培养成工程师。
3. several (1)adj. “几个的;数个的”,用来修饰可数名词复数,作定语。eg:
There are several birds in the tree.
树上有几只鸟。
(2)pron. “几个”,常用作主语或宾语。eg:
Several of them went to the beach yesterday. 他们中的几个人昨天去海滩了。
拓展记忆:several可用来修饰hundreds of。eg:
There are several hundreds of trees on the hill. 山上有好几百棵树。
4. store (1)v. 储存,存放。eg:
He stores his collections in the big box.
他把他的藏品储存在大盒子里。
常构成短语store up“储存”。eg:
Animals store up food for the coming winter. 动物们为即将到来的冬天储存食物。
(2)n. 商店。eg:
The girl has been reading in the bookstore all the afternoon. 那女孩整个下午都在书店读书。
5. anyone pron. 任何人。
(1)用于否定句、疑问句中,代替someone。eg:
Is anyone here? 这儿有人吗?
(2)用于if或whether之后。eg:
If anyone knocks at the door, don’t open it.
假如有人敲门的话,别开。
(3)指随便哪个人,用于肯定句。eg:
The math exercises are so easy that anyone can work them out.=The math exercises are simple enough for anyone to work out. 这些数学练习题这么简单以至于任何人都会做。
6. thousand n. 一千。(1)表示具体数字时,在其前加数词。eg:
About three thousand people are raising money for charity now. 现在大约3000人在进行慈善募捐。
(2)常构成短语thousands of“成千上万的,许多”。eg:
Thousands of players took part in the marathon. 成千上万名运动员参加了马拉松。(注意其前不加具体数字)
(3)注意“数字+thousand+of+名词复数”意为“其中的几千人”。eg:
Two thousand of the students are from Russia. 其中的两千名学生来自俄国。
7. certain adj. 确定的;无疑的。常构成以下短语及句型。
(1)be certain (that从句) eg:
I’m certain you’ll pass the exam.
我确信你会通过这次考试。
(2)be certain to do sth. eg:
They are certain to agree with me.
他们肯定会同意我的看法。
(3)be certain of sth./of doing sth. eg:
He is certain of finishing the work on time.
他有把握按时完成这项工作。
8. stand v. 忍受,容忍。常用于否定句、疑问句,强调不喜欢(尤其与can或could连用)。eg:
I can’t stand his mother. She’s always talking. 我真受不了他妈妈,她总是在唠叨。
此外,其后还可跟doing。eg:
She couldn’t stand waiting for so long a time. 等这么长时间她简直受不了。
9. annoy v. 使生气;使恼怒。 eg:
What is annoying you?
什么正在让你烦心?
拓展记忆:(1)annoying adj. 令人烦恼的。eg:
I have been meeting with annoying things these days. 这些天我老是遇到烦心事。
(2)annoyed adj. 感到烦恼的。常构成短语:
① be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气。eg:
My teacher is annoyed with me.
老师生我的气了。
② be annoyed at/about sth. 为某事恼火。eg:
Mr Green is annoyed at/about my carelessness. 格林先生对我的粗心感到恼火。
10. order (1)v. ①订购;订货。eg:
Could you please order lunch for me?
你能为我订午餐吗?
②命令。eg:
The policeman ordered me to park my car there. 警察命令我把车停在那边。
(2)n. ①点菜。常构成短语take one’s order。eg:
May I take your order, sir?
先生,现在可以点菜了吗?
②in order to do sth. 目的在于;为了;以便。eg:
I ran fast in order to catch the early bus.
为了赶上早班车我跑得很快。
11. allow v. 允许。常构成短语:(1)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。eg:
My teachers don’t allow us to cut in line.
老师不允许我们插队。
(2)allow doing sth. 允许做某事。eg:
The cinema doesn’t allow smoking.
电影院不允许吸烟。
(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事。eg: We are allowed to make posters by ourselves.我们被允许自己制做海报。(此结构实际是被动结构)
12. drop ①v. 使落下,掉下。eg:
Can you drop the trash?
你能把垃圾丢了吗?
②n. 一滴。常构成短语a drop of… 一滴……。eg:
A drop of rain fell on his head.
一滴雨落到他头上。
拓展记忆:drop out of school 辍学。eg:
Lots of students dropped out of school in that area last year. 去年那个地区有许多学生辍学。
二、短语
1. a pair of
意为“一对;一双;一副”。后面一般接名词的复数形式。eg:
a pair of shoes 一双鞋
a pair of在句中作主语时,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果再次提及,可用it来代替。eg:
A pair of glasses is on the table. Give it to me. 在桌子上有一副眼镜,把它给我。
2. run out of
意为“用光,用完”。eg:
I ran out of all my money yesterday. 我昨天用光了所有的钱。(相当于I used up all my money yesterday.)
拓展记忆:run out是不及物短语动词,主语是被用光的东西。eg:
His money has run out.=He has run out of his money. 他已经用光了钱。
3. anyone else
意为“其他任何人”,else修饰不定代词时需后置。something else别的事,what else别的什么(事)。eg:
What else would you like?
你还要别的什么吗?
4. by the way
意为“顺便说一下;顺便问一下”,该短语为插入语,常用于话题或交谈中,用以引出题外的话语。eg:
By the way, do you know where he works?
顺便问一下,你知道他在哪里上班吗?
拓展记忆: way的用法
拓展记忆: on the/one’s way (to)…“在某人去……的路上”。eg:
On my way to school I met my old friend.
在我去学校的路上,我遇见了我的老朋友。
in one’s way“挡某人的路”。eg:
Don’t be in their way. 不要挡他们的路。
5. be interested in
意为“对……感兴趣”,后面跟动词-ing形式、名词或代词。eg:
He is interested in collecting stamps.
他对集邮感兴趣。
拓展记忆:be interested in=show/take/have/feel (an) interest in均可意为“对……感兴趣”。eg:
He has much interest in sports.
他对运动很感兴趣。
6. in…style
表示“具有……风格”,其中in表示方式。eg: The dish is in Sichuan style.
这道菜具有四川风味。
in style表示“流行”。eg:
This skirt is in style this summer.
今年夏天这款短裙很流行。
7. more than
意为“超过;多于”。相当于over。eg:
The Australian must be more than 50 years old. 那位澳大利亚人一定50多岁了。
此短语还可以分开为more…than。eg:
Russia has more people than Australia.
俄罗斯比澳大利亚人多。
8. move to+地点
意为“搬到某地”。eg:
They said they would move to Australia next month. 他们说下个月他们会搬到澳大利亚。
拓展记忆: be moved被感动。eg:
We are deeply moved by the main character of the movie. 我们被影片主人公深深地感动了。
9. not at all
意为“根本不;一点也不”。eg:
——Would you mind my sitting here?
你介意让我坐这儿吗?
——No, not at all. 不,一点也不。
not at all还可表示“别客气;不用谢”。eg:
——Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
——Not at all. 别客气。
拓展记忆:
not…at all“一点也不……”,常用在否定句中,加强语气。eg:
We don’t speak English at all after class.
在课下我们根本不讲英语。
10. turn down
意为“关小;调低”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。如果代词作宾语,要把代词放在短语中间。eg:
Please turn down the TV. My son is sleeping. 请把电视音量调低点儿,我儿子正在睡觉。
其反义短语为turn up“调大;开大”。eg:
I can’t hear the radio clearly. Please turn it up. 我听不清收音机,请把它的音量调大点儿。
拓展记忆: turn on“打开”;turn off“关掉”。eg:
turn on the TV打开电视
turn off the light 关灯
11. get out of
意为“从……里出来”。eg:
Could you please get out of the washroom?
请你从厕所里出来好吗?
拓展记忆: ①get over克服。eg:
I think you can get over the problem by yourself. 我想你可以自己解决这个问题。
②get along/on with sb./sth.与某人相处/某事进展。eg:
How are you getting along with your foreign friends? 你和你的外国朋友们相处得怎样?
How is he getting on with his work?
他的工作进展如何?
12. follow sb. around
意为“跟着某人转”。eg:
Would you mind not following me around?
你别跟着我(逛)行吗?
此短语也可表达为follow sb. about。
13. get mad
意为“生气”。①常加at/with sb. eg:
He got really mad at/with me.
他确实很生我的气。
②get mad about sth. eg:
Mr Green got mad about this annoying thing. 格林先生对这件恼人的事情很恼火。
拓展记忆: ①be mad about/on sth. 对某事/物着迷。eg:
The boy is mad about/on tennis.
这男孩对网球很着迷。
②drive sb. mad让某人受不了、发疯 eg:
The noise is driving me mad.
这噪音真让我受不了。
14. go back to…
go back to…=return to…返回某地。eg:
They will go back to the beach if they can’t find you. 如果他们找不到你就会回到海滩去的。
15. happen to
happen to中的to可以是介词,后加sb.,指某人发生了什么事。也可以是不定式的to,后加动词原形,表示碰巧做某事。eg:
What happens to you? 你怎么了?
I happened to be there when the accident took place. 事故发生时,我碰巧在场。
16. put out
意为“熄灭;扑灭”。eg:
The firemen put out the big fire in the forest. 消防队员们扑灭了森林大火。
而put up意为“张贴;举起”。eg:
Put up some signs on the walls.
在墙上张贴一些标牌。
Please put up your hand when you have something to say in class.
在课堂上如果要发言请举手。
17. be careful
意为“小心,当心”。①be careful to do sth. 小心做某事。eg:
Be careful to cross the road.
横穿马路时要当心。
②be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事。eg:
You must be careful not to break the rules of our school. 你一定小心,别违反我们学校的规章制度。
18. pick up
意为:①捡起。eg:
Could you please pick up the card?
你能把那张卡片捡起来吗?
如果宾语是代词,则放在中间。eg:
My coat fell on the floor. Would you mind picking it up?我的大衣掉在地上了。你能把它捡起来吗?
②(开车)接某人。eg:
I will pick you up at six tomorrow morning.
明天早上六点钟我去接你。
1. since (主要用于现在完成时,过去完成时)(1)conj. (后加句子)自从……以来;从……以后。eg:
Henry has been influencing me since I knew him. 自从我认识亨利,他就一直在影响我。
常构成句型“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”,意为:自从……已经是多长时间了。eg:
It is ten years since we met last time.
自从我们上次见面已有10年了。
(2)prep. (后加名词)自从……以来;从……以后。eg:
The Greens have been living here since 2001. 格林家从2001年就住在这儿。
常构成短语since then“自那以后”。eg:
Ihave never been there since then.
自那以后我再也没去过那儿。
2. raise v. (1)筹集;募捐。eg:
They have been raising money for Spring Bud since 2002. 自2002年他们就一直在为春蕾计划募捐。
(2)举起,提升。eg:
If you have any questions, you can raise your hand. 有问题你可以举手。(相当于put up your hand)
(3)培养,抚养。eg:
The poor parents raised her as an engineer.
贫穷的父母把她培养成工程师。
3. several (1)adj. “几个的;数个的”,用来修饰可数名词复数,作定语。eg:
There are several birds in the tree.
树上有几只鸟。
(2)pron. “几个”,常用作主语或宾语。eg:
Several of them went to the beach yesterday. 他们中的几个人昨天去海滩了。
拓展记忆:several可用来修饰hundreds of。eg:
There are several hundreds of trees on the hill. 山上有好几百棵树。
4. store (1)v. 储存,存放。eg:
He stores his collections in the big box.
他把他的藏品储存在大盒子里。
常构成短语store up“储存”。eg:
Animals store up food for the coming winter. 动物们为即将到来的冬天储存食物。
(2)n. 商店。eg:
The girl has been reading in the bookstore all the afternoon. 那女孩整个下午都在书店读书。
5. anyone pron. 任何人。
(1)用于否定句、疑问句中,代替someone。eg:
Is anyone here? 这儿有人吗?
(2)用于if或whether之后。eg:
If anyone knocks at the door, don’t open it.
假如有人敲门的话,别开。
(3)指随便哪个人,用于肯定句。eg:
The math exercises are so easy that anyone can work them out.=The math exercises are simple enough for anyone to work out. 这些数学练习题这么简单以至于任何人都会做。
6. thousand n. 一千。(1)表示具体数字时,在其前加数词。eg:
About three thousand people are raising money for charity now. 现在大约3000人在进行慈善募捐。
(2)常构成短语thousands of“成千上万的,许多”。eg:
Thousands of players took part in the marathon. 成千上万名运动员参加了马拉松。(注意其前不加具体数字)
(3)注意“数字+thousand+of+名词复数”意为“其中的几千人”。eg:
Two thousand of the students are from Russia. 其中的两千名学生来自俄国。
7. certain adj. 确定的;无疑的。常构成以下短语及句型。
(1)be certain (that从句) eg:
I’m certain you’ll pass the exam.
我确信你会通过这次考试。
(2)be certain to do sth. eg:
They are certain to agree with me.
他们肯定会同意我的看法。
(3)be certain of sth./of doing sth. eg:
He is certain of finishing the work on time.
他有把握按时完成这项工作。
8. stand v. 忍受,容忍。常用于否定句、疑问句,强调不喜欢(尤其与can或could连用)。eg:
I can’t stand his mother. She’s always talking. 我真受不了他妈妈,她总是在唠叨。
此外,其后还可跟doing。eg:
She couldn’t stand waiting for so long a time. 等这么长时间她简直受不了。
9. annoy v. 使生气;使恼怒。 eg:
What is annoying you?
什么正在让你烦心?
拓展记忆:(1)annoying adj. 令人烦恼的。eg:
I have been meeting with annoying things these days. 这些天我老是遇到烦心事。
(2)annoyed adj. 感到烦恼的。常构成短语:
① be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气。eg:
My teacher is annoyed with me.
老师生我的气了。
② be annoyed at/about sth. 为某事恼火。eg:
Mr Green is annoyed at/about my carelessness. 格林先生对我的粗心感到恼火。
10. order (1)v. ①订购;订货。eg:
Could you please order lunch for me?
你能为我订午餐吗?
②命令。eg:
The policeman ordered me to park my car there. 警察命令我把车停在那边。
(2)n. ①点菜。常构成短语take one’s order。eg:
May I take your order, sir?
先生,现在可以点菜了吗?
②in order to do sth. 目的在于;为了;以便。eg:
I ran fast in order to catch the early bus.
为了赶上早班车我跑得很快。
11. allow v. 允许。常构成短语:(1)allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。eg:
My teachers don’t allow us to cut in line.
老师不允许我们插队。
(2)allow doing sth. 允许做某事。eg:
The cinema doesn’t allow smoking.
电影院不允许吸烟。
(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事。eg: We are allowed to make posters by ourselves.我们被允许自己制做海报。(此结构实际是被动结构)
12. drop ①v. 使落下,掉下。eg:
Can you drop the trash?
你能把垃圾丢了吗?
②n. 一滴。常构成短语a drop of… 一滴……。eg:
A drop of rain fell on his head.
一滴雨落到他头上。
拓展记忆:drop out of school 辍学。eg:
Lots of students dropped out of school in that area last year. 去年那个地区有许多学生辍学。
二、短语
1. a pair of
意为“一对;一双;一副”。后面一般接名词的复数形式。eg:
a pair of shoes 一双鞋
a pair of在句中作主语时,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果再次提及,可用it来代替。eg:
A pair of glasses is on the table. Give it to me. 在桌子上有一副眼镜,把它给我。
2. run out of
意为“用光,用完”。eg:
I ran out of all my money yesterday. 我昨天用光了所有的钱。(相当于I used up all my money yesterday.)
拓展记忆:run out是不及物短语动词,主语是被用光的东西。eg:
His money has run out.=He has run out of his money. 他已经用光了钱。
3. anyone else
意为“其他任何人”,else修饰不定代词时需后置。something else别的事,what else别的什么(事)。eg:
What else would you like?
你还要别的什么吗?
4. by the way
意为“顺便说一下;顺便问一下”,该短语为插入语,常用于话题或交谈中,用以引出题外的话语。eg:
By the way, do you know where he works?
顺便问一下,你知道他在哪里上班吗?
拓展记忆: way的用法
拓展记忆: on the/one’s way (to)…“在某人去……的路上”。eg:
On my way to school I met my old friend.
在我去学校的路上,我遇见了我的老朋友。
in one’s way“挡某人的路”。eg:
Don’t be in their way. 不要挡他们的路。
5. be interested in
意为“对……感兴趣”,后面跟动词-ing形式、名词或代词。eg:
He is interested in collecting stamps.
他对集邮感兴趣。
拓展记忆:be interested in=show/take/have/feel (an) interest in均可意为“对……感兴趣”。eg:
He has much interest in sports.
他对运动很感兴趣。
6. in…style
表示“具有……风格”,其中in表示方式。eg: The dish is in Sichuan style.
这道菜具有四川风味。
in style表示“流行”。eg:
This skirt is in style this summer.
今年夏天这款短裙很流行。
7. more than
意为“超过;多于”。相当于over。eg:
The Australian must be more than 50 years old. 那位澳大利亚人一定50多岁了。
此短语还可以分开为more…than。eg:
Russia has more people than Australia.
俄罗斯比澳大利亚人多。
8. move to+地点
意为“搬到某地”。eg:
They said they would move to Australia next month. 他们说下个月他们会搬到澳大利亚。
拓展记忆: be moved被感动。eg:
We are deeply moved by the main character of the movie. 我们被影片主人公深深地感动了。
9. not at all
意为“根本不;一点也不”。eg:
——Would you mind my sitting here?
你介意让我坐这儿吗?
——No, not at all. 不,一点也不。
not at all还可表示“别客气;不用谢”。eg:
——Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
——Not at all. 别客气。
拓展记忆:
not…at all“一点也不……”,常用在否定句中,加强语气。eg:
We don’t speak English at all after class.
在课下我们根本不讲英语。
10. turn down
意为“关小;调低”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。如果代词作宾语,要把代词放在短语中间。eg:
Please turn down the TV. My son is sleeping. 请把电视音量调低点儿,我儿子正在睡觉。
其反义短语为turn up“调大;开大”。eg:
I can’t hear the radio clearly. Please turn it up. 我听不清收音机,请把它的音量调大点儿。
拓展记忆: turn on“打开”;turn off“关掉”。eg:
turn on the TV打开电视
turn off the light 关灯
11. get out of
意为“从……里出来”。eg:
Could you please get out of the washroom?
请你从厕所里出来好吗?
拓展记忆: ①get over克服。eg:
I think you can get over the problem by yourself. 我想你可以自己解决这个问题。
②get along/on with sb./sth.与某人相处/某事进展。eg:
How are you getting along with your foreign friends? 你和你的外国朋友们相处得怎样?
How is he getting on with his work?
他的工作进展如何?
12. follow sb. around
意为“跟着某人转”。eg:
Would you mind not following me around?
你别跟着我(逛)行吗?
此短语也可表达为follow sb. about。
13. get mad
意为“生气”。①常加at/with sb. eg:
He got really mad at/with me.
他确实很生我的气。
②get mad about sth. eg:
Mr Green got mad about this annoying thing. 格林先生对这件恼人的事情很恼火。
拓展记忆: ①be mad about/on sth. 对某事/物着迷。eg:
The boy is mad about/on tennis.
这男孩对网球很着迷。
②drive sb. mad让某人受不了、发疯 eg:
The noise is driving me mad.
这噪音真让我受不了。
14. go back to…
go back to…=return to…返回某地。eg:
They will go back to the beach if they can’t find you. 如果他们找不到你就会回到海滩去的。
15. happen to
happen to中的to可以是介词,后加sb.,指某人发生了什么事。也可以是不定式的to,后加动词原形,表示碰巧做某事。eg:
What happens to you? 你怎么了?
I happened to be there when the accident took place. 事故发生时,我碰巧在场。
16. put out
意为“熄灭;扑灭”。eg:
The firemen put out the big fire in the forest. 消防队员们扑灭了森林大火。
而put up意为“张贴;举起”。eg:
Put up some signs on the walls.
在墙上张贴一些标牌。
Please put up your hand when you have something to say in class.
在课堂上如果要发言请举手。
17. be careful
意为“小心,当心”。①be careful to do sth. 小心做某事。eg:
Be careful to cross the road.
横穿马路时要当心。
②be careful not to do sth. 小心别做某事。eg:
You must be careful not to break the rules of our school. 你一定小心,别违反我们学校的规章制度。
18. pick up
意为:①捡起。eg:
Could you please pick up the card?
你能把那张卡片捡起来吗?
如果宾语是代词,则放在中间。eg:
My coat fell on the floor. Would you mind picking it up?我的大衣掉在地上了。你能把它捡起来吗?
②(开车)接某人。eg:
I will pick you up at six tomorrow morning.
明天早上六点钟我去接你。