Host innate immunity represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens and shapes the course and outcome of pathogen infection. Mammals have evolved an array of highly conserved patte recognition receptors (PRRs) that monitor the presence of "non-self components or danger signals (Akira et al., 2006; Medzhitov, 2007). The innate immune signal transduction and viral regulation have been extensively reviewed elsewhere (Zhang et al., 2010), we therefore briefly summarize the signaling cascades that upregulate the transcription of antiviral inflammatory cytokines in response to viral infection.