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自改革开放以来,港商和台商的出口型工业大量向中国内地转移,内地加工出口因此增长迅速,占全国出口一半,其中八成以上来自“三资”企业。本文量化加工出口创造的增加值和就业,发现加工出口对全国、广东和香港的GDP和就业的增长都有显著的贡献。与一般贸易出口比较,加工出口的增值率虽然较低,可是随着改革开放的深化,加工出口使用的本土原料和零件不断增加,其增值率大幅上升。
Since the reform and opening up, a large number of export-oriented industries of Hong Kong businessmen and Taiwanese businessmen have been transferred to the Mainland of China. As a result, the processing and exporting of the Mainland has witnessed rapid growth, accounting for half of the country’s total exports, of which 80% are from “three-funded” enterprises. This paper quantifies the added value and employment created by export processing and finds that the export of processed products contributes significantly to the growth of GDP, employment in the whole country, Guangdong and Hong Kong. Compared with the general trade exports, although the value-added rate of processing exports is relatively low, as the reform and opening up deepen, the raw materials and spare parts used for processing exports continue to increase, and the value-added rate has risen sharply.