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以中晚熟水稻品种“吉粳811”为研究对象,于2013年和2014年在延吉市进行分期播种/移栽试验,分析了吉林省东部地区一季粳稻生长速度和产量对移栽期及温度变化的响应规律,确定该品种在研究地区的适宜播种期和移栽期,以减免低温冷害的影响。结果表明:播期/移栽期的推迟提升了生长季平均气温,水稻生长发育进程加快,有效生育期缩短,主要生长季内平均气温每升高1℃,水稻生长速率提升19%,生育期缩短5 d左右;吉林省东部地区水稻的适宜移栽温度为日均气温13.0℃,移栽过早或偏晚均导致减产;中晚熟品种水稻在4月18日前后播种、5月26日前后移栽可保证在霜前成熟,且产量高;中晚熟品种水稻移栽至成熟适宜活动积温为2280℃·d左右,活动积温每减少100℃·d,水稻产量下降1095 kg·hm~(-2)(约减产13%);积温不足导致水稻冷害发生,因而减产。
The middle-late-maturing rice variety “JiJing 811” was studied in 2013 and 2014 in Yanji City, and the seeding / transplanting experiments were carried out. The effects of the growth rate and yield of the first season japonica rice in the east of Jilin Province on the transplanting period and Temperature response to determine the appropriate varieties in the study of the appropriate sowing and transplanting period to reduce the impact of chilling injury. The results showed that the delay of sowing date and transplanting period increased the average temperature of growing season, and the growth and development of rice accelerated and the effective growth period shortened. The growth rate of rice increased by 19% for every 1 ℃ increase in average temperature during the main growing season. Shortened about 5 d; the suitable transplanting temperature for rice in eastern Jilin Province was 13.0 ℃, and the premature or late transplanting led to the decrease of yield. The middle-late maturing rice was planted around April 18 and around May 26 Transplanting can ensure maturity before frost and the yield is high. The accumulative temperature of middle and late-maturing rice varieties is about 2280 ℃ · d after transplanting to ripening, and the activity of accumulated rice is reduced by 100 ℃ · d and the yield of rice is reduced by 1095 kg · hm ~ (- 2) (about 13% reduction); lack of accumulated temperature leads to chilling injury of rice, thus reducing production.