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在洛克的意义理论中,意义是心中观念的标记,语词通过对观念的表达而获得意义。这一理论明确了人对意识中的那个被建构起来的表象的可感性特征的语言陈述及逻辑演绎,然而它也预设了那些恰恰需要我们对之进行解释的心理意象。20世纪对此进路的质疑与反思显示出:语言表达式的意义是语言使用者所诉诸的所有证据的联合产物,并由制约着各种表达式的共同规则所给予。尽管如此,语言借助意向传达出意义,而意向是被众多心理状态以及非表征能力共同决定的;言说的意义与“理解”和“解释”能力紧密相连,而解释又是一种信念的赋予。
In Locke’s theory of meaning, meaning is the notion of the mind, and words are acquired through the expression of ideas. This theory defines the linguistic statements and logical deductions of the perceptual characteristics of the constructed imagery of consciousness, yet it also presupposes the psychological images that we need to interpret. The questioning and reflection of this approach in the twentieth century shows that the meaning of a language expression is a combined product of all the evidence presented by the user of the language and given by the common rules that govern the various expressions. In spite of this, language conveys meaning by means of intention, and intention is determined by numerous psychological states and non-representational abilities. The meaning of speech is closely linked with the ability of “understanding” and “explanation” Faith given.