Based on the theory of adaptive time-frequency decomposition and Time-Frequency Dis- tribution Series (TFDS), this paper presents a novel denoising method for non-stationary signal. Ac- cording to the input signal features, an appropriate kind of elementary functions with great concen- tration in the Time-Frequency (TF) plane is selected. Then the input signal is decomposed into a linear combination of these functions. The elementary function parameters are determined by using ele- mentary function TF curve surface to fit the input signal’s TFDS. The process of curved surface fitting corresponds to the signal structure matching process. The input signal’s dominating component whose structure has the resemblance with elementary function is fitted out firstly. Repeating the fitting process, the residue can be regarded as noises, which are greatly different from the function. Selecting the functions fitted out initially for reconstruction, the denoised signal is obtained. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by means of several tests on an emulated signal and a gearbox vi- brating signal. Based on the theory of adaptive time-frequency decomposition and Time-Frequency Dis tribution Series (TFDS), this paper presents a novel denoising method for non-stationary signal. Ac- cording to the input signal features, an appropriate kind of elementary functions with the great concen- tration in the Time-Frequency (TF) plane is selected. Then the input signal is decomposed into a linear combination of these functions. The elementary function parameters are determined by using the ele- mentary function TF curve surface to fit the input signal’s TFDS. The process of curved surface fitting corresponds to the signal structure matching process. The input signal’s dominating component whose structure has the resemblance with elementary function is fitted out first. Repeating the fitting process, the residue can be regarded as noises, which are Selecting the functions fitted out initially for reconstruction, the denoised signal is obtained. The performa nce of the proposed method is assessed by means of several tests on an emulated signal and a gearbox vi- brating signal.