一、引言 在60年代时,美国工人的收入每年增长在4％以上,因为当时经济繁荣,生产率强有力地持续增长。美国作为工业领袖的地位是勿庸置疑的,它的产品是最好的,能在国内外的任何地方出售。 但是,自1973年前后,美国经济这辆重载列车就出轨了,而且从此以后就再也没有真正地回到轨道上来。这也许是一系列事件的综合结果:越南战争,石油价格冲击,通货膨 I. INTRODUCTION In the 1960s, the income of American workers increased by more than 4% each year because of the economic prosperity and the sustained and strong productivity growth. The position of the United States as an industrial leader is beyond doubt. Its products are the best and can be sold anywhere in the world. However, since 1973, the heavy haul of the U.S. economy has been derailed and has since never really returned to orbit. This may be the result of a series of events: Vietnam war, oil price shocks, inflation