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目的 评价改水改厕远期卫生防病效果。方法 设立试验村和对照村进行观察。结果 苍蝇密度 ,试验村改厕前后相比降低了 43.42 % ;改水改厕后第 1、10年与对照村相比分别低5 2 .11%和 6 8.19%。居民腹泻病发病率 ,试验村改水前后相比降低了 41.2 5 %、改厕后较单纯改水又下降了 6 0 .91% ;改水改厕后第 1、3、10年与对照村相比分别低于 39.35 %、6 9.5 2 %、44 .71%和44 .91%。小学生蛔虫感染率 ,试验村与对照村驱虫前和驱虫后半年相比较 ,改水改厕第 3、10年分别低 12 .71%和 33.6 1%、41.16 %和 5 5 .0 9%。结论 改水改厕对降低苍蝇密度、居民腹泻病发病率和小学生蛔虫感染率均具有明显、持久、可靠的效果。
Objective To evaluate the long-term health and disease control effects of water diversion and lavatories. Methods The experimental villages and control villages were set up for observation. As a result, the density of flies was reduced by 43.42% in comparison with that of the control villages before and after the lavatories were used in the experimental villages. The first and tenth years after the lavatories were reduced by 52.21% and 6.181% respectively compared with the control villages. The incidence of diarrheal diseases in residents in the experimental village decreased 41.2% compared with that in the pilot villages, and decreased by 60.91% compared with the simple ones in the experimental villages. In the 1st, 3rd, and 10th years after changing toilets, Compared to 39.35%, 6 9.52%, 44.71% and 44.91%, respectively. Ascaris infection rate in primary school students was 12.71% and 33.61%, 41.16% and 55.09% respectively in the 3rd and 10th years when compared with those in the control villages before deworming and after deworming. . Conclusions The improvement of water and toilets has obvious, lasting and reliable effect on reducing the density of flies, the incidence of diarrhea in residents and the infection rate of primary roundworm in pupils.