众所周知,机器的折旧是有形损耗和无形损耗共同作用的结果。《资本论》中对无形磨损有这样的描述,“原来40000镑的车厢和机车,10年后,通常可以用30000镑买到。”这类现象在目前计算机等电子产品上几乎表现到了极致。实际上,物业所表现出的无形损耗也是非常明显的,尤其是住宅产品。 住宅无形损耗的形式是多样的。笔者认为,功能折旧是其最重要的表现形式。功能折旧可分外部功能折旧和内部功能折旧。住宅外部功能折旧产生于规划不完善,内部功能折旧产生于设计不合理。或者说,两者均是过去的方案,因而达不到不断时新的规划设计以及居住偏好所致。追溯建筑史——古希腊的石梁柱结构和古罗马的旋拱结构,这些建筑目前 As we all know, the depreciation of the machine is the result of the joint action of physical loss and intangible loss. This is described in “Capitalism” for intangible wear and tear, “cars and locomotives, which used to be 40,000 pounds, can usually be bought for 30,000 pounds 10 years from now.” Such phenomena are almost at their peak on the current electronic products such as computers. In fact, the intangible loss of property is also very obvious, especially residential products. Residential forms of intangible loss are diverse. The author believes that functional depreciation is its most important manifestation. Functional depreciation can be divided into external function depreciation and internal function depreciation. Depreciation of residential exterior features arising from the planning imperfect, internal function depreciation resulting from the design is not reasonable. In other words, both of them are past projects and thus fail to meet the new planning and design as well as residential preferences. Tracing the history of architecture - the ancient Greek stone column structure and ancient Rome’s arch structure, these buildings are currently