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无人机宽带测控通信链路在低仰角下的性能是近年来的研究热点与难点。首先给出低仰角情况下的宽带多径信道模型,在此基础上深入研究了地面反射路径的幅度衰减、载波相位偏移和数据码元时延,及其叠加在直射路径上对数据接收的影响;其次建立了仿真模型,分析在不同作用距离、飞行高度以及工作频率情况下接收电平幅度衰减变化趋势,并与外场实测数据进行比对验证,结果表明,给出的宽带多径信道模型基本上能够反映出外场实测数据的变化趋势,在实际飞行任务中具有较强的现实指导意义;最后从实际工程系统角度出发给出了相应的设计建议。
The performance of UAV broadband monitoring and control communication links at low elevation angles is a hot and difficult topic in recent years. Firstly, the wideband multipath channel model with low elevation is given. On the basis of this, the amplitude attenuation, carrier phase shift and data symbol delay of the ground reflection path are studied in depth. Then, a simulation model is established to analyze the trend of attenuation of received level amplitude under different range, flight altitude and operating frequency, and compared with field measured data. The results show that the proposed broadband multipath channel model Basically can reflect the changing trend of the measured data in the field and has strong practical guiding significance in the actual flight task. Finally, the corresponding design proposals are given from the perspective of the actual engineering system.