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针对现有机载LiDAR数据与航空影像配准方法对匹配特征具有较强的依赖性,易受数据等影响的问题,提出了一种基于结构特征的自动配准方法。该方法首先提取LiDAR距离图像与对应影像的结构特征,利用初始姿态参数将LiDAR结构特征投影至影像坐标系下,根据结构特征的几何约束条件获取初始匹配点集,完成粗匹配;接着利用粗匹配结果计算直接变换模型(DLT)参数,并以此为初值引入双点几何约束,采用循环迭代的匹配策略,不断剔除错误匹配,获得一组新的匹配点集,完成精匹配;最后根据精匹配结果,采用基于单位四元数的空间后方交会方法解算航空影像的姿态参数,实现机载LiDAR数据与航空影像的自动配准。实验证明,该方法受噪声影响小,能实现机载LiDAR数据与航空影像的自动配准。
Aiming at the existing problems that the existing airborne LiDAR data and the aerial image registration method have strong dependence on the matching characteristics and are easily affected by the data, an automatic registration method based on the structural features is proposed. Firstly, the structural features of LiDAR distance images and corresponding images are extracted. The initial pose parameters are used to project the LiDAR structure features into the image coordinate system. The initial matching point sets are obtained according to the geometric constraints of structural features, and the coarse matching is achieved. Results The direct transformation model (DLT) parameters were calculated and used as the initial value to introduce the double point geometry constraint. The iterative matching strategy was used to eliminate the error matching and get a new set of matching points to complete the matching. Finally, The matching results are obtained by using the space rear intersection method based on the unit quaternions to solve the attitude parameters of the aerial image so as to realize the automatic registration of the airborne LiDAR data and the aerial image. Experiments show that this method is less affected by noise and can realize the automatic registration of airborne LiDAR data and aerial images.