在对美国卫生政策最有影响力并最受公众信任的利益相关者中,各种健康管理组织(Health Advocacy Organization,HAO)是其中重要成员。他们致力于相关政策的制定,包括提高政府对医学研究的支持力度以及增强卫生保健服务的实效性。此外,HAO也为其成员谋求不受限地获得与他们健康状况匹配的药品与诊断工具。这些组织的立场同制药与医疗器械公司的市场营销目的密切相关,因为他们的立场有助于推动医疗产品的销售。虽然HAO与制药产业存在共同的 The Health Advocacy Organization (HAO) is a prominent member of the most influential and public trusted stakeholders in U.S. health policy. They are committed to formulating relevant policies, including increasing government support for medical research and enhancing the effectiveness of health care services. In addition, HAO seeks to provide its members with unrestricted access to medicines and diagnostic tools that match their health status. The positions of these organizations are closely linked to the marketing goals of pharmaceutical and medical device companies because of their position to help drive the sale of medical products. Although HAO and pharmaceutical industry exist common