塑型性支气管炎(PB)是引起儿童严重呼吸窘迫的一种呼吸急症，支气管镜在儿童PB的诊断及治疗中有重要作用，儿科临床医师应提高对其的认识水平，并熟悉掌握经气管镜治疗PB的时机、硬式气管镜或软式气管镜的选择、经气管镜介入治疗的疗效及支气管镜治疗的安全性，使更多的PB患儿在支气管镜的检查及治疗中获益。“,”Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a kind of respiratory emergency that causes severe respiratory distress in children.Bronchoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of PB in children.To enable more PB children to benefit from bronchoscopy examination and treatment, pediatric clinicians should improve their knowledge of bronchoscopy and be familiar with the timing of endoscopic treatment of PB, the choice of rigid bronchoscope or fiber bronchoscopy, the efficacy of bronchoscopy interventional therapy, and the safety of bronchoscopy treatment.