论文部分内容阅读
为保护环境,美国在开发油气作业新技术、新方法和低毒药剂方面进展迅速,最明显的是对钻井泥浆的毒性及其处置普遍采取严格的控制措施,使污染减少到最低程度。 1.陆上废泥浆的处置美国环保条例规定,陆上大多数泥浆应是无毒的。为控制泥浆污染,大多数州规定了处理剂中重金属含量或废泥浆处置后重金属在土壤中的累积数量,也有的州严格限制使用含Cr、Hg、Cd等重金属的处理剂数量,甚至禁止使用。
In order to protect the environment, the United States has made rapid progress in developing new technologies and new methods of oil and gas operations, as well as new low-toxicity agents. The most obvious is that generally strict measures are taken to control the toxicity of drilling muds and their disposal so that pollution is minimized. 1. Disposal of land-based waste mud The United States Environmental Protection Ordinance states that most muds on land should be non-toxic. In order to control the mud pollution, most states have stipulated the content of heavy metals in the treatment agent or the accumulated amount of heavy metals in the soil after the disposal of the waste mudstone. Some states also strictly limit the use of heavy metal-containing treatment agents such as Cr, Hg, and Cd or even ban them .