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目的研究金针菇菌糠饲养的大麦虫油脂的超临界CO_2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成。方法采用超临界CO_2萃取大麦虫油脂,探讨萃取压力、萃取温度对大麦虫油脂萃取率的影响,经甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析大麦虫脂肪酸组成。结果影响大麦虫油脂萃取因素的主次顺序依次为萃取压力>萃取温度>萃取时间,考虑生产成本,本实验选取萃取压力15 MPa、萃取温度55℃、萃取时间1.5 h,在此条件下,萃取率为52.00%±1.07%。在大麦虫油中分离鉴定出11种脂肪酸,其中主要为油酸(40.26%)、棕榈酸(29.27%)、亚油酸(16.12%)、硬脂酸(7.38%)等。结论生物转化农业生产废弃物的大麦虫具有较高的食用和药用价值,可以源源不断地提供食用、饲料用以及可再生能源的油脂资源。
Objective To study the supercritical CO_2 extraction technology and fatty acid composition of barley worm oil fed by mushroom Flammulina velutipes. Methods The effects of extraction pressure and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of barley worms were studied using supercritical CO_2 extraction of barley oil. The fatty acid composition of barley worms was analyzed by methyl esterification after gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The main order of influencing factors of oil extraction from barley insects was extraction pressure> extraction temperature> extraction time. Considering the production cost, extraction pressure 15 MPa, extraction temperature 55 ℃ and extraction time 1.5 h were selected in this experiment. The rate was 52.00% ± 1.07%. Eleven kinds of fatty acids were isolated and identified from barley pest oil, including oleic acid (40.26%), palmitic acid (29.27%), linoleic acid (16.12%) and stearic acid (7.38%). Conclusions Barley insects, which are bio-transformed into agricultural wastes, are of high food and medicinal value and provide an endless supply of oil resources for food, feed, and renewable energy sources.