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目的了解玉龙鼠疫疫源地小型兽类体外寄生蚤的季节多样性,为该区域鼠疫的监测和防治工作提供依据。方法于2015年春、夏、秋、冬四季,按照玉龙鼠疫疫源地不同植被带和生境选取8个样地,采用夹夜法捕获小型兽类并收集其体外寄生蚤类,对蚤类群落多样性及季节变化进行了调查。结果共捕获蚤类1 031只,隶属于3科8属12种,夏秋季节蚤类的捕获数量高于冬春两季,不同生境(林地和耕地)蚤类优势种排序和季节分布有明显差异,林地四个季节蚤类群落的多样性指数以春季最高,为1.452 0,夏季最低,为1.169 3;均匀度指数以秋季最高,为0.791 9,冬季最低,为0.576 3;而耕地蚤类群落的多样性指数以秋季最高,为1.3962,春季最低,为0.979 9;均匀度指数以冬季最高,为0.771 4,夏季最低,为0.681 0。结论蚤类群落在玉龙鼠疫疫源地不同生境中呈现出不一样的季节分布格局,反映夏、秋季节的温、湿度等气候条件更适合蚤类种群数量的增长,宿主型的昆虫群落结构和稳定性更为复杂,对特新蚤指名亚种的重点监测对该疫源地鼠疫的防治具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the seasonal diversity of parasitic fleas of small mammals in the Yulong plague foci to provide evidence for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods In the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, 8 plots were selected according to different vegetation zones and habitats of Yulong Plague foci. Small mammals were captured by capture night and fleas were collected in vitro. Sexual and seasonal changes were investigated. Results A total of 1 031 fleas were collected, belonging to 12 species, 8 genera, 3 families. The number of fleas caught in summer and autumn was higher than that in winter and spring. The order and seasonal distribution of dominant species in different habitats (forest land and farmland) , The diversity index of fleas community in four seasons was the highest in spring, 1.452 0 in spring and 1.169 3 in summer, the highest in autumn was 0.791 9 in winter and 0.576 3 in winter, The highest index of diversity was 1.3962 in autumn, the lowest in spring, 0.9799. The highest evenness index was 0.771 4 in winter and 0.681 0 in summer. Conclusion The flea community showed different seasonal distribution patterns in different habitats of Yulong Plague Epizooties, reflecting that the climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity in summer and autumn are more suitable for the growth of flea population, host community structure and The stability is more complicated. It is of great importance to focus on the prevention and control of the plague in the foci of the endemic flea.