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Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the reactivations of hepatitis B virus(HBV)after rituximab-containing chemotherapy in patients with B-cell lymphoma with surface antigen of hepatitis B virus(HBsAg)-positive,or hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb)-positive.Methods:A retrospective study of HBV-related markers was performed before and after rituximab-containing treatment in 189 consecutive patients with CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma.Results:Among the 189 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL)patients who received rituximab combination chemotherapy,31(16.6%)were HBsAg positive and 82(43.9%)HBsAg negative/HBcAb positive,and 76 were HBsAg and HBcAb negative.Of the 31 HBsAg positive patients,3(9.7%)experienced reactivation of HBV.The prevalence of HBV reactivation was 4.0%(1/25)in patients who received prophylactic antiviral treatment and 33.3%(2/6)in those who did not receive prophylactic antiviral treatment(P= 0.032).Prophylactic antiviral treatment decreased the rate of HBV reactivation.Among the 82 HBsAg negative/HBcAb posi- tive patients,1(1.2%)experienced HBV reactivation leading to serious hepatitis.Conclusion:Our experience indicates that rituximab-based therapy may cause serious HBV-related complications and even death in HBsAg-positive patients.Preemptive use of antiviral treatment enabled successful management of HBV reactivation.In HBsAg-negative and HBcAb-positive lymphoma patients the prevalence of HBV reactivation is low(1.2%).Close monitoring HBV until at least 6 months after anticancer therapy is required,prophylactic antiviral therapy needs to be evaluated further.