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汤姆·沃尔夫于1989年发表文学宣言《追猎千足兽》,以“千足兽”类比当今美国光怪陆离的社会现实,呼吁年轻一代作家重拾社会现实主义的创作传统,做美国生活的忠实记录员。为了践行他的文学宣言,沃尔夫先后发表了长篇社会小说《虚妄的篝火》和《完整的人》。分别以20世纪80年代纽约的种族政治和90年代南方迪克西文化传统的没落为对象,描述了两个十年里美国政治面貌和文化精神的变迁。本文通过分析每位主人公在各自的大环境变迁中的沉浮阐释对地位的渴求在其人生轨迹中的作用,及不同时期和场域下美国社会中权力和地位的依附元素。
In 1989, Tom Wolfe published a literary manifesto, “Trekking a 1000-footed Beast,” using the analogy of “the thousand-beast” to simulate the bizarre social reality of the United States today. He appealed to the younger generation of writers to regain the creative tradition of social realism and do American life Loyal recorder. In order to practice his literary manifesto, Wolf published a lengthy social novel entitled “False bonfires” and “complete human beings.” In the 1980s, New York’s ethnic politics and the decline of Dixie’s cultural tradition in the south of the 1990s, respectively, described the changes in the political and cultural spheres of the United States in the past decade. By analyzing each protagonist’s ups and downs in her own changes in the environment, this article analyzes the role of the thirst for status in her life trajectory and the dependent elements of power and status in American society in different periods and fields.