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目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童自我觉知的特点,为临床诊疗提供有效参考。方法采用病例对照研究方法,在上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心儿少科心理门诊收集ADHD患儿作为研究组,随机选取与被试年龄、性别相匹配的健康发育儿童作为对照组,用Conners父母用症状问卷、儿童神经心理缺陷自评问卷(SAND-C)评估两组儿童的症状和自我觉知水平。结果 ADHD组在运动和行为控制、记忆和语言两个因子的得分和总分明显高于对照组,在注意因子上的得分低于对照组(P均<0.05);ADHD患儿神经心理缺陷自我觉知的运动和行为控制因子与Conners问卷的学习问题、焦虑、多动指数三个因子呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论 ADHD组患儿不能意识到自身在疾病上的缺陷,过高地评估了自己的能力,神经心理缺陷自我觉知水平低下,会影响患儿的社会功能。
Objective To explore the characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to provide an effective reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A case-control study was conducted to collect children with ADHD at the psychiatric clinic of mental health center affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Randomly selected healthy children with age and gender as the control group, Conners Parents with symptoms questionnaire, children’s neuropsychological defect self-assessment questionnaire (SAND-C) to assess the two groups of children’s symptoms and self-awareness level. Results The ADHD group had significantly higher score and total score of exercise and behavior control, memory and language, and lower score of attention factor than control group (all P <0.05). Neuropsychological deficits of ADHD children The perceived movement and behavioral control factors were negatively correlated with Conners questionnaire’s learning problems, anxiety and hyperactivity index (P <0.05). Conclusion Children with ADHD can not recognize their own defects in the disease. They overestimate their abilities. The low self-awareness of neuropsychological deficits will affect their social function.