叔本华的汉学研究有三个组成部分 ,一是中国人对自然和英雄的崇拜 ,二是儒释道三学 ,三是以朱熹为代表的程朱理学。他认为汉学提倡“天人合一”,这与西方宗教“创世”概念迥异。叔本华在分析了朱熹理学的“天人一物”、“尽心知天”的观点后认为 ,儒释道三学皆属无神论 ;同时 ,汉学的这些思想与他的唯意志主义是一致的 Schopenhauer’s sinological study has three components, one is Chinese admiration of nature and heroes, the other is Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the third is Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi. He believes that Sinology advocates “harmony between man and nature”, which is quite different from the concept of “creation” in Western religions. Schopenhauer, after analyzing the views of Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism as a “heaven and man and a god”, believes that the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are all atheistic; at the same time, these thoughts of Sinology are consistent with his voluntarism