一、前言 随着近代科学技术的迅速发展,对金属的纯度及合金的要求愈来愈高,因此高纯金属和优质合金的制备已成为现代冶金的一个新领域。为了达到要求的纯度,往往需要应用各种提纯方法,其中真空冶炼、真空蒸馏和分子蒸馏等技术占有重要地位。 在上述这些真空处理过程中,常需要估 I. Introduction With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the requirements for the purity and the alloy of metals are getting higher and higher. Therefore, the preparation of high-purity metals and high-quality alloys has become a new field of modern metallurgy. In order to achieve the required purity, often need to apply a variety of purification methods, including vacuum smelting, vacuum distillation and molecular distillation and other technologies occupy an important position. In these vacuum processes, often need to estimate