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城市化对城市土壤动物有重要影响,为了探究城市中不同的地表覆盖类型对土壤动物多样性和群落结构的胁迫作用,以北京市奥林匹克公园为例,于2013年秋季通过Baermann法和Tullgren法研究了4种不同地表类型(裸地、完全硬化地表、部分硬化地表、草坪)下的0~5、5~10、10~15 cm 3个土层深度下土壤动物群落结构和多样性的变化.结果表明:4种地表类型下,单位体积(100 cm3)内土壤动物的个体总数表现为:草坪(210只)>部分硬化(193只)>完全硬化(183只)>裸地(90只).线虫占总捕获量的72.0%~92.8%,为共有优势类群.类群数上,草坪下土壤动物类群数显著高于裸地.在垂直方向上,除了完全硬化外,其他3种地表类型下的土壤动物具有明显的表聚现象.裸地的Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著低于其他类型,但Simpson优势度指数显著高于其他类型.草坪的Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高.硬化类型下土壤动物的多样性介于草坪和裸地之间.从群落相似性来看,除完全硬化和草坪表现为中度相似外,其他地表类型间土壤动物群落相似性指数均表现出中等不相似的特征.动物的多样性指标与土壤温度、p H、速效钾均有显著相关性.
Urbanization has an important impact on urban soil animals. In order to explore the coercive effects of different land cover types on soil animal diversity and community structure in urban areas, Beijing Olympic Park was used as an example to study Baermann and Tullgren methods The changes of soil animal community structure and diversity under the soil depth of 0 ~ 5, 5 ~ 10 and 10 ~ 15 cm under 4 different surface types (bare ground, fully hardened ground, partially hardened ground, lawn) The results showed that the total population of soil animals per unit volume (100 cm3) was as follows: grass (210)> partial sclerosis (193)> complete sclerosis (183)> bare land . The nematodes accounted for 72.0% -92.8% of the total catch, which was the common dominant group.The number of soil fauna under the lawn was significantly higher than that of the bare land.In the vertical direction, in addition to the complete hardening, the other three kinds of surface types Of the soil fauna had obvious surface aggregation phenomenon.The Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of bare land were significantly lower than other types, but Simpson dominance index was significantly higher than other types.The Shannon diversity index and Margalef richness index most The diversity of soil fauna under high-sclerosis type was between that of the lawn and the bare land.Compared with the community similarity, except for the complete sclerosis and the lawn, the similarity index of soil fauna community Out of moderately dissimilar characteristics, animal diversity indices were significantly correlated with soil temperature, p H, and available potassium.